Classical Era Reflection Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Classical Era Reflection Paper - Assignment Example As the theories discussed herein have been widely used worldwide and through a number of decades, it could be said that it is an established material we can rely on when it comes to managing, great or small agencies. Furthermore, the loopholes of the theories have been determined, helping every manager to anticipate difficulties with solutions on hand instead of being taken aback with unexpected problems that could result from the strategies a manager engages with. Management was not born yesterday. Even during the olden times, management already existed and brought about successes like the construction of the Egyptian pyramids, the Great Wall of China and even on great wars. However, when it comes to the written concepts of these ancient successes, there were not found one, leaving the earlier managers groping in the dark for help as they faced problems and issues that seemed to have no solution. Some managers nevertheless refused to stay in the dark and struggle in their fate. Systematic management was introduced in the 1900s to meet the needs of managers as they face the demands of laborers and consumers. Although management was improved, the theory did not give a satisfactory solution to both managers and laborers (Russell & Taylor, 2006). This flaw in systematic management led to the birth of Scientific Management aiming to patch the loopholes of its predecessor. Frederick Taylor proposed the analysis of work methods which eventually came to be popularly known as scientific management making him the father of the science (Daft, 2002). He established four basic principles namely; scientific management, scientific selection of workers, scientific education and development of workers and unity and camaraderie among workers and managers (Bateman & Zeithaml, 1990). With the positive impact of Taylor’s philosophies on productions, his contemporaries rose to further improve the established principles. Among them was Henry L. Gantt

How does changing the ways in which we connect to others offer us new, Essay

How does changing the ways in which we connect to others offer us new, positive possibilities How does it affect us negatively - Essay Example There are plenty of ways to connect nowadays, though the old traditional one is coming face to face for a conversation – it enables the fullest effect and the most genuine emotions. However, it is often impossible because of the distance, lack of time or other factors. Nowadays, technologies offer the mankind a thousand options and opportunities – for work, shopping, entertainment and communication. One doesn’t need travel to another part of the country or even the world to see and talk to his/her relatives as it is now possible to call them on the phone, e-mail them or write on Facebook. Keeping in touch with friends is also much easier via social networking technologies, and prompt professional communications are guaranteed as cellphones, faxes and computers are always at your fingertips. In general, technology has been playing a significant role in our lives recently, and its importance continues to increase. Growing popularity of the World Wide Web make us mo re and more addicted to the new ways of communication and connecting to people. In fact, our entire social life beginning with childhood is now dominated by technological means of communication, which produces a complex and dubious effect on us. Technologies as new ways of connecting to people may either offer opportunities or impose difficulties on people, and this issue is considered in works of Sherry Turkle and Adam Gopnik. Adam Gopniks essay, â€Å"Bumping into Mr. Ravioli†, offers a look at the issue of overwhelming technologies, perpetual busyness caused by them and the state of suspension in communication between people. Turkle elaborates on related ideas in her book, â€Å"Alone Together† (the fragment of which was offered for reading), promoting the idea that technologies crowd our lives overwhelming us and making us tired of life they make possible. Thus, technological means of communication and connection to the outer world produce an ambiguous mixed effect on

Delegating responsibilities is the key to effective management Coursework

Delegating responsibilities is the key to effective management - Coursework Example Delegating work is truly a way to manage an organization successfully. Delegation is not meant to reduce the workload on the leader but to promote professionalism to other staff. Delegation when not well done can lead to other personnel seeing it as the abuse of power. It should be conducted in a manner that reflects it as a transfer of power and skill to another person. It also involves a process of selecting the right person to carry on, which also relies on the leader to be available for support and consultation, instead of supervision. (Jackson, 2015, p.189-190). Some leaders always think that delegating works is a way to relieve themselves from duty which should not be the case. They should guide those delegated, on how things should be done to achieve the set goals. Delegation needs a good mutual relationship between the two for it to be successful. Inadequate delegation can be like a rowing boat with only you doing the rowing. Your subordinate presence is just for the ride which leads too tiring and pressured management. (Burns, 2001, p.10). Creating a healthy environment with the subordinates is the key to delivering set goals. The relationship between a leader and junior staffs is vital in delegating task. For example, a leader who is too harsh to his subordinates may lead to the delegated task poorly performed while a leader who motivates his subordinate through rewards and promotions stand a high chance of achieving successful delegation. Delegation to be successful it must be conducted in a sequence of events that are: assignment of the task, delegation of authority, acceptance of responsibility assigned, and creation of accountability. Delegation does not relieve managers of Responsibility and accountability, that implies that managers will always be responsible and accountable for the task delegated, (Plunket & Warren, 2011, p.191-200). Developing efficient delegating strategies is the key success to productive management. When

Public Health protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Public Health protection - Essay Example Although bacteriology was apparently vital for the re-conceptualisation of infections, this process was in progress, and some studies show that there were no important purposes of the new knowledge of communicable diseases in the practice of public health (Lewis & MacPherson 2007). In Australia, when diphtheria was interpreted in bacteriological terms, an array of frequently conflicting public health practices and policies were sought in rapid progression. These succeeding public health processes consequently formed the partial bacteriological interpretation of diphtheria and of the control measures for contagious diseases (Lawson & Bauman 2001). From the beginning of ‘immunisation’ and notification obligations in the late nineteenth century, public health policy changed quite rapidly to mass swabbing movements in the early twentieth century, wherein ‘carriers’ were the major, nearly special, regard (Lawson & Bauman 2001). Detection of the failure of these movements since 1922 became the foundation of an executive plan towards mass immunisation, but its slow operation implied that immunisation only slowly replaced cleansing habits and carrier control as the primary preventive strategy. Each of these policies were products of bacteriol ogical understanding and methods, but embodied immeasurably various practices and ideas of prevention (Lewis & MacPherson 2007). Management of diphtheria fulfilled a vital function in the advancement of public health policies and institutions in Australia. Historians have diversely examined plague, typhoid, tuberculosis, smallpox, and scarlet fever as infections of political and cultural significance in the moulding of public health in British colonies and in Australia in the nineteenth century (Lewis 2003a). Nonetheless, the childhood infection of diphtheria has been deficient of the attention that practitioners think it deserves. Demonstrated statistically, politically and

Delegating responsibilities is the key to effective management Coursework

Delegating responsibilities is the key to effective management - Coursework Example Delegating work is truly a way to manage an organization successfully. Delegation is not meant to reduce the workload on the leader but to promote professionalism to other staff. Delegation when not well done can lead to other personnel seeing it as the abuse of power. It should be conducted in a manner that reflects it as a transfer of power and skill to another person. It also involves a process of selecting the right person to carry on, which also relies on the leader to be available for support and consultation, instead of supervision. (Jackson, 2015, p.189-190). Some leaders always think that delegating works is a way to relieve themselves from duty which should not be the case. They should guide those delegated, on how things should be done to achieve the set goals. Delegation needs a good mutual relationship between the two for it to be successful. Inadequate delegation can be like a rowing boat with only you doing the rowing. Your subordinate presence is just for the ride which leads too tiring and pressured management. (Burns, 2001, p.10). Creating a healthy environment with the subordinates is the key to delivering set goals. The relationship between a leader and junior staffs is vital in delegating task. For example, a leader who is too harsh to his subordinates may lead to the delegated task poorly performed while a leader who motivates his subordinate through rewards and promotions stand a high chance of achieving successful delegation. Delegation to be successful it must be conducted in a sequence of events that are: assignment of the task, delegation of authority, acceptance of responsibility assigned, and creation of accountability. Delegation does not relieve managers of Responsibility and accountability, that implies that managers will always be responsible and accountable for the task delegated, (Plunket & Warren, 2011, p.191-200). Developing efficient delegating strategies is the key success to productive management. When

Critically evaluate theories of nationalism and its relationship with Essay

Critically evaluate theories of nationalism and its relationship with racism - Essay Example . . Where the sentiment of nationality exists in any force, there is prima facie case for uniting all the members of the nationality under the same government, and a government to themselves apart.† Nationalism cannot be termed as either good or bad, just like the phenomena of socialism, capitalism, or imperialism. Nonetheless, in a good nationality, citizens strive to ensure that their nation is maintained. On the other hand, in bad nationalism, a nation only considers its superiority, and acts against other nationalities in order to remain superior (Smith 2010). Examples of past leaders who perpetuated bad nationality include Slobodan Milosevic and Adolf Hitler. Therefore, nationality is a factor that can cause unification or lead to disintegration. Today, there are various theories of nationalism, which attempt to explain the phenomenon of nationality in different contexts. According to Conversi (1995), these theories can be divided into different categories, namely the ethn o-symbolic, transactional, and homeostatic. However, this categorization was made basing on those theories, which put an emphasis on the boundary mechanisms of nations. Here, Conversi dismisses the traditional categorizations of instrumentalism and primordialism, since these might not apply to modern nationalism (Conversi 1995). Primordialist and sociobiological theories of nationalism are some of the universal theories applied to nationalism. In the primordialist perspective, it is believed that nationalism confers some form of group identity to the members of a nation. A nation is compared to a society, and therefore, just like the society, a nation is characterized by irrational attachments of people, which are based on race, blood, language, among others. Today, most countries, especially those in the third world, have embraced their group identities, which are evident in their communities and ethnic groups. Geertz was a contributor to the theory of primordialism. According to G eertz, the factor of identity in the primordialist approach is natural. These identities are coercive, therefore, cannot be understood basing on people’s social interactions. Finally, he asserted that these identities base on affection and might make the involved people sentimental (Conversi 1995). Another contributor to the primordialist approach was Harold Isaacs. According to Harold, people are normally born into a specific group of people or society at a particular time in history. Therefore, upon being born, each person acquires an identity, similar to that of the group in which they are born. Harold also identified various elements of the identity, which an individual gains. First, he identified the physical factors of skin color, hair type, body size, and type of face, among others. Secondly, he identified the name that is given to an individual. Mostly, people are given family names, and other names common in their group. In addition, a person’s first language identifies them with a specific group of people. Harold also identified the elements of religion, culture, nationality, or ethnic affiliation, the geography of a person’s area of birth, and the history of the group a person is born into, as factors, which grant a person a form of identity (Harris 2009). On the other hand, the sociobiological approach bases on human behavior, in its explanation of nationalism. This bases on three factors, namely, kin selection, reciprocity, and coercion to investigate human

Role of current liabilities and liquidity in accounting Essay Example for Free

Role of current liabilities and liquidity in accounting Essay A liability refers to the present obligation to an organisation following a past transaction and which is expected to be paid from cash or other near cash forms. It is simply put as that which the company owes others. Current liabilities are one of the types of liabilities in an organisation the other being longterm liabilities. Current liabilities refers to those liabilities that are payable within a duration of one year or less. Longterm liabilities can be paid in more than one year. Current liabilities include payables such as salaries, creditors arising from short-term obligations for example purchases of supplies,taxes payable, overdrafts and short-term loans. Liquidity on the other hand refers to the ability of an asset to be converted to cash quickly. The easier the ability, the more liquid the asset is. Cash is considered to be the most liquid asset since it is already in cash form. Liquidity is also used to refer to the ability of debtors to pay their debts when they fall due. Liquidity management therefore means that an organisation should be able to maintain sufficient cash and liquid asstes to pay their expenses. The ability to pay is measured using liquidity ratio. Analysts and creditors use the current ratio which divides current by liabilities or quick ratio which divides current assets minus inventions by current liabilities. The higher the ratio the higher the liquidity and hence the ability to pay obligations when they arise. Liquidity of liabilities is measured according to their due dates. Longterm liabilities are payable in more than one year and therefore do not require fast cash. However, short-term liabilities(current liabilities) require that the organisation maintains ready cash to pay for them when they arise. Role of current liabilities and liquidity Current liabilities and liquidity show the financial position of the business. When a company has many debts, it is not viewed as being in a good financial position. This is because it is expected to draw alot of cash from its account to pay expenses. The lesser the debts that a company has the better its financial position. A slightly high liquidity ratio shows that the organisation is doing well financially. This is according to Diamond,Slice, E. K Slice,J. D. (2000). Similarly, when liquidity is low to a certain extent the business is seen as not being in a position to repay its debts or in financial crisis. In obtaining financing from banks and obtaining goods from creditors, current assets and liquidity play a significant role. Liquidity measures help in ascertaining ability of a firm to repay its loans and debts. Low liquidity measure would indicate poor management or financial problems. Liquidity measure is one of the factors that creditors and bankers consider before lending to a company. A company with a high liquidity ratio is likely to obtain a loan easily because it shows its ability to repay. Attracting potential investors and business partners will require an impressive balance sheet (William et al, 2008). No investor will want to cash in his money in a business with poor financial position. Investors and business partners want to identify the best business with the best return for their money. Liquidity and current liability of the business will give them the details that they need. References Diamond, M. A. ,Slice, E. K. , and Slice,J. D. (2000). Financial Accounting: Reporting and Analysis harriman: House limited. Williams, J. R. , Susan F. H. , Bettner, M. S. , Carcello, J. V (2008). Financial Managerial Accounting. Irwin: McGraw-Hill . es. oxfordjournals. org/cgi/content/full/khn009v1 Similar pages by J Fingard (2008) www. journals. cambridge. org/abstract_S000711450809466X , (2008).