A Difference In Values Essays - The Good Earth, O-Lan, Sons

A Difference In Values A Difference in Values The House of Wang Lung rose in one generation from a family of poor farmers to a wealthy respected house in the novel The Good Earth by Pearl Buck. The dramatic change in social status causes the sons of Wang Lung to have different views and values from their father. His different treatment of each son also shapes each character. Although part of the same family the charachters demonstrate a difference in values. The father values the land, the youngest son values regognition, the middle son values wealth, and the eldest son values respect. As a result of his impoverished upbringing, Wang Lung values the land more than anything else. His obsession with the land causes him to neglect his family. The youngest son receives no attention and Wang Lung's plan to have him work the land disturbs him and makes him feel like a peasant. He feels that he has to prove that he is as great as his brothers and leaves the family to join the army. The middle son watches as his inheritance passes from his father's hand into the hand of his eldest son, and complains that his share is always too small. He wants to save the families money. The eldest son receives more attention and is given more than the other two sons and wants to be respected as a great family. The eldest son receives more attention and is given more than the other two sons and wants to be respected as a great family. Wang Lung is proud of his first born son, Nung En, and gives him more than his other two sons. One example is when Wang Lung becomes distressed because he cannot read the contracts he is signing and does not want to sign a bad deal. He hopes that sending the elder son to school to learn how to read will solve this problem. The elder son is no longer needed in the fields, because Wang Lung can now afford men to work the land. However, he ignores sending his other children to school until later. The eldest son's greatest desire is to have his family viewed as a great house. His wife, the daughter of the grain merchant Lui, Boggs 2 grew up in a rich house, she is accustomed to wealth and respect from others, and contributes to her husband's desire. He takes Wang Lung's silver bit by bit to mend up the old House of Hwang. He redecorates it to make it a great house again. He continues to spend the money until the middle son puts and end to it, for he was always greedy and wants to save the money. The eldest son is trying to show the wealth and power of their family to the outside world. The eldest son views the family as the great family Wang, while Wang Lung still thinks of his family as country folk. This shows the difference of views in the two generations of Wang Lung's family. Wang Lung never becomes angry with his eldest son, but rather tries to find the root of his problems. The son becomes restless and begins drinking and socializing with women. The father talks to O-lan, Wang Lungs wife, to find out the source of his son's unhappiness. When I was a lad I had no such melancholy and no such weepings and tempers, and no slaves, either. (221) O-lan explains to him that the eldest son does not have to work the land and has more free time to pursue his ambitions than Wang Lung did when he was a child. This shows a difference between the childhood's of Wang Lung and his eldest son. The middle son, Nung Wen, is always concerned with his inheritance. He feels that his father gives the eldest son too much and that his share is never enough. When Wang Lung sent the eldest son to school the younger son argues, it is not fair that my brother can sit at leisure and learn something and I must work like a hind. (164) The middle son stops his elder brother's spending and is stingy with money even though they are a wealthy family. Boggs

10 Popular Types Free Printable Graph Paper

10 Popular Types Free Printable Graph Paper SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you need to print out some graph paper for an assignment, a project, or just for fun? Are you curious about the different types and what they're used for? Then you've come to the right place to browse and print out whatever graph paper you need! What Is Graph Paper? In the most basic sense, graph paper is paper that comes pre-printed with faint lines that make up a grid. There are all different ways to accomplish this, but the most common is a grid made of squares composed of parallel horizontal and vertical lines. You’re probably already familiar with ruled paper- paper that comes pre-printed with horizontal lines that you can use to write on neatly. Graph paper provides assistance in a similar way, but with a grid that anchors your work to two dimensions rather than just one. You’ll most likely need graph paper for math and math-based work. For example, as a beginning student, you can use it for visual representations of numbers when learning multiplication or addition. Later in school, you’ll find it’s much easier to use grid paper to graph geometric figures on a XY-plane than blank or ruled paper. Finally, of course, any schematic, drawing, or design that needs to be to-scale and precise is easier to do on grid paper. However, you can also use graph paper for fun. It's perfect for creating complex designs for interior design, quilting, beading, embroidery, and knitting. It's also an excellent tool for games that feature maps or strategic divisions of space: for instance, most role-playing games use graph paper to show where characters are in relation to terrain, each other, and enemies. This complex textile design uses graph paper to figure out how to create a repeating pattern. Download Free Graph Paper Depending on your project, you’ll need a different kind of grid on your graph paper. I've created 10 printable graph paper PDFs (with alternate JPG versions) to meet your needs. Quad-Ruled Graph Paper Here are several versions of the most standard kind of graph paper- the kind that is made up of squares. Use this paper for math projects like graphing lines or functions, for science projects like creating charts of experiment results, or for developing creative symmetrical or repeating designs. â…› inch squares: JPG Version | PDF Version  ¼ inch squares (most common size): JPG version | PDF version  ½ inch squares: JPG version | PDF version Quad-Ruled Graph Paper with XY-Coordinates If you’re doing a lot of coordinate geometry, save yourself some time with graph paper that already has an XY-axis on it! Full-page coordinate grid: JPG version | PDF version Half-page coordinate grids: JPG version | PDF version Multi-Line Graph Paper This graph paper features a standard  ¼ inch quad grid overlaid with slightly heavier lines in intervals of 4 or 5 squares. Use it to learn skip-counting when first discovering numbers, or use it to easily create bar graphs and other kinds of visual data representation  ¼ inch minor lines, with major lines every 4 squares: JPG version | PDF version  ¼ inch minor lines, with major lines every 5 squares: JPG version | PDF version Dot Paper Dot paper is graph paper that only marks the corners of the grid squares and leaves out their sides. Use it for charts and designs, particularly if you’d like a less visually cluttered result. Because the paper only has dots, any lines you draw won't have to compete with the pre-printed lines that standard quad paper has.  ¼ inch spaced dots: JPG version | PDF version  ½ inch spaced dots: JPG version | PDF version Isometric (Triangle Grid) Paper In this kind of graph paper, instead of squares, the grid is made up out of equilateral triangles. Use it to create 3-dimensional drawings for designs like woodworking plans, interior space planning, or graphing on an XYZ-axis. Draw your vertical lines normally, and then draw any horizontal lines using the sides of the triangles. Because the grid creates angled cubes, your drawings are instantly in 3D.  ¼ inch isometric graph paper: JPG version | PDF version Here's a cool example of what you can do with isometric paper.(Image: tygerbaer2013 via Deviant Art) Expert Tips for Using Graph Paper in Math If you're using graph paper to learn math, let me share a few ideas for how to get the most productive use out of this tool. For Beginner Students For younger students, you can use graph paper to help with concepts like: The number line. Drawing a number line on graph paper automatically correctly spaces each segment. You can use the cross-lines to represent units, fives, tens, or hundreds. Addition and subtraction. Use different color pencils to add or remove squares from a whole. Alternatively, you can use a number line to show that addition and subtraction are ways or moving up or down on it. Multiplication and division. Use rectangular shapes to demonstrate how 3x8 yields the same result as 4x6 by graphing 3 rows of 8, then graphing 4 rows of six, and then counting the resulting squares. Fractions. Divide a rectangle into a variety of equal parts with colored pencils to show how many equal parts can make up a whole. Mapping an environment. Connect our 3D world to 2D space by making a map of the room you’re in, or of your street. For More Advanced Learning As you continue in school, graph paper should become one of the many tools in your problem-solving arsenal. Automatically use graph paper. Remember that you may find it easier to solve problems with graph paper even if they don’t explicitly say to use it. For example, many geometry problems are easier to figure out when you see them represented visually. Graph paper makes the best scratch paper. Use grid paper as your math scratch paper- it will force you to be neater and more precise when organizing proofs, reducing formulas, and so on. What's Next? Learning coordinate geometry and struggling with some of the concepts? Use our guides to the four graph quadrants and completing the square to help fill in some of the gaps. What graph-related math do you need to know for the SAT/ACT? Find out with our articles about coordinate geometry in the SAT and ACT.

African Geography and Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

African Geography and Growth - Essay Example The geography of Africa has to a large extent shaped the kind of economic opportunities available for the African countries and, thus, impacted on the economic development of the continent in general. The interaction between human and physical geography within the framework of economic development has been a major factor which is shaping the direction and rate of Africa’s economic development. This essay gives a critical analysis and discussion of the importance of geography in the economic growth of Africa, including the tragic economic challenges that the continent is experiencing. The essay also presents a discussion of the policies which would have to be put in place to safe Africa from the challenges it is facing which are hampering its growth. Africa’s physical geography, such as climate, has been described as the causes of its minimal economic growth. However, Collier (2007, p. 6) argues that there are geographic factors which act to divide Africa instead of unif ying it. These are said to be the most significant factors which are derailing the economic growth of the continent. To begin with, Africa is an expansive continent. Regardless of this, the nations within the continent and its economic regions are characterized by low income. This is explained by the fact that the natural resources within Africa are not evenly distributed. Some regions have an abundance of natural resources while in some regions of the continent, the resources are very scarce. This has contributed to the uneven economic growth within the continent with most of the continent’s regions registering minimal growth as compare to other parts of the world, such as Asia and Europe, as illustrated in figure 1 below. Figure 1: Comparative Per Capita Growth The physical geography of Africa is very enormous. Bloom and Sachs (1998, p. 207) point out that even if Africa is a large continent, it has been divided into many countries. For this reason, most of the countries wi thin the continent are landlocked. The divisions of countries within Africa have a result caused nations to be divided into those landlocked states which are rich in resources and those which have scarce resources. Moreover, some countries are coastal and rich in resources while others are costal but lack adequate resources. These four categories define the economies of Africa in terms of its physical geography. Those states which have scarcity of resources whether coastal or landlocked are lagging behind in the economic development. Because these two categories of nations are the majority within the continent, Africa’s growth in generally slow as compared to other regions. The landlocked states within Africa lack competitiveness in export and import trade. Lack of competitiveness has also affected the coastal countries. Naude (2004, p. 821) explains that the differences between the resource rich African states are not significant. This is the case whether the resource rich s tates are landlocked or coastal. It is because of the divisions within African states that the competitiveness in the export and import business has been derailed and thus making the content to have a tragic growth level within its economy. However, costal states in Africa participate in export trade but the landlocked countries are prevented from economic interaction with the world markets. The distribution of the African population is even unlike other developing regions such as Asia in which a majority of the population lives within the costal countries. Even though the trend of economic growth in Africa is generally parallel to that of the global economy, Africa

Immigrants In Canadian School Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Immigrants In Canadian School - Research Paper Example The research conducted by Ladky and Peterson (2008) has highlighted that there are successful school practices for both formal and informal immigrant parent involvement in their children’s school learning and academic performance, for communicating with immigrant parents and also for learning more about the languages and culture of their students and their families. Their research has suggested that there is a gap between the language of home and school and it remains to be a barrier to successful communication partnership. Parents, teachers, and principals should find ways to utilize mother tongue in ways that can support student’s English learning. Almost all of the interviewed new immigrant parents had very clear expectations that regular homework should be assigned by their child’s teacher as they value homework as means of understanding whether their child is accomplishing the targets in the school days (Ladky and Peterson, 2008, p. 85). In conclusion, the first generation immigrants are relatively less performing whereas the second generation is better performing than the native peers. Canada is a country built on multiculturalism ideology and therefore everyone in Canada has rights to believe in any religious, take pride of it, celebrate events etc, and same is the case with the school as well. Even though there are instances of misunderstanding between parents and teachers, the majority of immigrant parents are highly involved in school events in order to facilitate better communication.

Power and control comparrison Essay Example for Free

Power and control comparrison Essay Examine the way Shakespeare presents power in the character and actions of Lady Macbeth. In this Controlled assessment I will be trying my hardest to examine the power, actions and emotions of Lady Macbeth throughout the entire play. ‘Macbeth’ by William Shakespeare is a very unusual play, the characters aren’t part of your expectations especially Lady Macbeth. Shakespeare made a clear opposite feature between Lady Macbeth and Macbeth, which is a very challenging yet effective technique. Shakespeare’s character Lady Macbeth is a very different character, her personality shines throughout the play, Lady Macbeth wasn’t your usual woman in that time period, most of the women then were very obedient, shy and quiet. Most of the women of that time were very obedient towards their fathers and husbands†¦ Well, Lady Macbeth was the complete opposite; she was the dominant person in hers and Mac Beth’s relationship. Lady Macbeth was very controlling of Macbeth, we know this because- â€Å"Infirm of purpose. † This quote suggests that Lady Mac Beth was trying to control Macbeth and show that she has power over him. Lady Macbeth was aiming to be the most encouraging, yet powerful partner, although she ended up acting malicious and self-centred. There is a clear transition between the characters Lady Macbeth and Macbeth; it makes you think about why she was so powerful and why Macbeth was allowing her to overrule his life. Macbeth seems to be very conscious of Lady Macbeth, and her behaviour towards him and others. Macbeth comes across to the audience as quite weak and unstable, we don’t know if it’s because of the way he is treated by Lady Macbeth, or if that’s just his nature. Although, Shakespeare may have written the play to insinuate that Lady Macbeth treats Macbeth the way she does, because he allows it, and he is generally just an easy going character. On the other hand Lady Macbeth gets tired of Macbeth being too easy going towards her and their surroundings; we know this because â€Å"Screw your courage to the sticking place† basically Lady Macbeth said man up, start acting braver courageous like a ‘real’ man. The audience in the gallery must have all had a different experience watching Shakespeare’s plays, as there were different sections of the Gallery. Although, the audience were probably quite shocked because of how different the story line was. Also because back then all of the characters would have been played by males, which must have made it harder for the audience to feel the emotions of Lady Macbeth and understand how Macbeth really felt when his own wife treated him like her slave. We don’t know if ‘Macbeth’ was influenced on a true story, but Shakespeare wrote it very well, as if sounded and was based out very real, we could easily tell what type of person Lady Macbeth was and how she was treating Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is a very stubborn character, she likes to have everything her way, with no one telling her different. Lady Macbeth was a very foolish selfish woman, she wanted everything for her own wealth and fortune, but she would never do it with her own hands, so she wanted Macbeth to kill the king (King Duncan) so that she could be queen and Macbeth would be king; Lady Macbeth didn’t care that she was killing someone, she just wanted to kill the king, and thought no one would notice or find out it was Macbeth. Macbeth was very hesitant to kill Duncan, as much as he would love to be king, and he was next in throne, he just wasn’t sure if he was the right person for the job. Lady Macbeth wasn’t pleased with Macbeth trying to back out of the situation, we know this because- â€Å"when you durst do it, then you were a man† Lady Macbeth is basically saying to Macbeth, stop worrying and waiting around. just hurry up, just kill the king!! Lady Macbeth was very blunt and truthful to Macbeth, which was sometimes deceived as being nasty and hurtful. How does the poem present power and control. In this essay I will be examining how Sassoon presents power and control in comparison to ‘My last duchess’ and ‘Base details’. Robert browning shows power and control in his poem, ‘my last duchess’. We know this because of this quote in the poem, ‘That’s my last duchess painted on the wall’. This quotation represents power and control, by the way it has been written, ‘that’s my’ implying that he owned the duchess, and that she was his property, but more of an object to show off his power towards women. ‘My last duchess’ seems as if there has been more than one duchess. He seems to have a lot of pride to be more of less a lady’s man. As he is a duke, and a very wealthy man, he’s wary of others and wants people to know his authority. Being a duke he feels as though he can control others, mainly his wife/duchess. Browning shows another side of the duke, which was quite unexpected, especially to the readers; as the duke seems very strong and powerful, although a strike of jealousy shines though, in this quotation, ‘she thanks men’ this to me implies jealousy, as the duke is pointing out that she is talking to other men, which clearly he isn’t impressed with. This shows mainly control, the duke treats his wife like an object, she can’t talk to other men, other than her husband she father. Because of the duke’s controlling outlook on life, he can’t see his wife talking to other men, because I think he fears he could lose her his pride. In this quotation, browning portrayed the Duke living up to his high authority, ‘I gave commands’ this quotation sums up the dukes attitude towards others, and is probably the best example of power and control in this poem. Back In the 16th century, men had most of the control, so it wasn’t as shocking then as it is now. The duke looks down at others and expects people to bow down to him. Browning has portrayed power in the duke well, as we can clearly see that the duke doesn’t agree with others getting attention or ignoring his authority, so he makes his importance head and clear. Browning makes the readers feel sympathetic towards the duchess in this quotation, ‘She had a heart-how shall I say- too soon made glad, too easily impressed’. In this quotation is tells us more about the duchess, that she is a woman with a heart of gold and wouldn’t want to hurt anyone or get on the wrong side of anyone. By us knowing this about the duchess, it makes us think more about the way she is being treated by the duke, as she doesn’t un-impress anyone, so the duke must get away with murder. The duchess obviously loves the duke, and gets impressed with the smallest of compliments. In this case their relationship clearly shows that Love is blind. ‘My last duchess’ and ‘Macbeth’ are very similar, in that they both examine the different structures of power and control. Browning shows power between a couple, and that the duke has all of the power and control in the relationship, we know this because of the past quotation ‘I gave commands’; which is a very powerful quotation, it makes the readers feel sympathetic towards the duchess and others surrounding the Duke. This quotation also shows that the relationship is built on power and control, the duchess won’t do anything to aggravate the duke, as she is probably scared of the outcome. Shakespeare’s Sassoon examines the theme of power and control in his poem ‘Base Details’. This quotation, ‘And speed glum heroes up the line to death’ represents power and control in that the majors couldn’t care less about the difficult conditions the soldiers have to face up to. It’s clear to me, that although the soldiers should earn full authority, the majors think they are one better than the soldiers to take full authority of them and treat them like dirt. By Sassoon using the specific word ‘death’ it makes us worry that the soldiers, too young or old will eventually be left behind to die. This is the harsh reality of WW1, as there would have been too many weak soldiers who would have been left in harsh conditions to die painfully; as there weren’t as many doctors and nurses on the scene as there are today. Sassoon compares the similar themes between ‘base details’ and ‘Macbeth’. From the quote ‘poor young chap-I’d say I used to know his father well. This shows that the majors don’t care about the man, as they can easily say poor young chap but didn’t seem to help him in any way shape or form, also by saying ‘I used to know his father well’, this shows that the majors are so inconsiderate of others. It’s very selfish that the youngest men are put on the front line, by the majors, it seems as though the majors think that the young men aren’t as experienced to do anything else, so they are put on the most life threatening position.

How Does Law And Order SVU Portray Women?

How Does Law And Order SVU Portray Women? Contents 1. Introduction This study examines the representation of women on Television which is one of the most litigious topics surrounding the medium and is strongly dissected in this day and age. I will be conducting my research specifically on portrayal of women in Law and Order: Special Victims Unit. The examination should reveal whether the depiction of female characters on Law and Order is positive or negative. 1.1 Women On TV Joseph (2004) argues that women were underrepresented on network dramatic shows in 1950s to the 1970s and when they did appear, they were frequently seen in token or stereotyped roles. Although representation of women have changed greatly in the last two decades as we are progressing into a more contemporary society, the question is, has it really changed modern representations of women or it merely replicates gender stereotypes (Dobash et al. 1998). In recent years, Xena Warrior Princess and Buffy The Vampire Slayer pioneered the strong leading female characters in fantasy genre. Magoulick (2006) elucidates the positive reviews of Xena and Buffy demonstrate the extent to which these women characters resonate with female viewers longing for strong role models, or even just strong female roles on television. However, these characters were based in fantasy and science fiction genre. Still, programmes like Cagney and Lacey, Cats Eyes and Juliet Bravo paved the way for future strong fema le characters which were popular police/detective dramas depicting strong women. 1.2 Law Order: Special Victims Unit Currently in its 13th season, Law and Order: SVU first aired in 1999. The detectives on the team solve sexually motivated crimes and child abuse cases, which includes an exceptionally strong female lead character Olivia Benson (Mariska Hargitay) and other popular female characters such as Amanda Rollins (Kelli Giddish), Assistant District Attorney Alexandra Cabot (Stephanie March) and Assistant District Attorney Casey Novak (Diane Neal). Law Order: Special Victims Unit offers a unique blend of characteristics placed within a masculine detective genre with strong main female lead along with a male partner, Detective Elliot Stabler portrayed by Christopher Meloni. The episodes often feature real life crime stories and create episodes based on crime stories ripped from the headlines (Green 2009, pp.2). Law Order: Special Victims Unit is one of the most successful and popular spin off series of Law and Order franchise which has won many awards as well as the 2006 Emmy for Outstanding L ead Actress in a Drama Series for Mariska Hargitay (Emmys, 2006) who describes female audiences reaction to her character Olivia Benson in Greens book Law Order: Special Victims Unit: The Unofficial Companion: As the show got more popular, I received so many emails from so many survivors. They were identifying so much with my character, identifying with this lion, this strong powerful (Olivia Benson). And then I had thirteen-years-old going, I want to be you; you are my role model. Hundreds of emails going, I want to be a cop when I grow up. And I thought this character has touched something deep in so many women and provided a safe place to goà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I felt I had a responsibility. (Green 2009, pp. 90) 1.3 Relevance Of The Research Women representation on television has significant value to female audiences because they view strong characters as role models. Singh, Vinnicombe and James (2006) studied career-minded women who keenly draw on role models from different aspects of like, television being one of them. They discovered that women used female characters from Television as role models such as Buffy, Alias and Xena: The Warrior Princesss. Analysing this aspect of female characters on Law Order: Special Victims Unit will provide me with the tools to examine the codes used in the portrayal of women. Research has been conducted on Law and Order: Special Victims Unit in the past i.e ethnic minorities, victimization of women. For example Britto (2007, p40) has deconstructed that portrayal of women are overplayed on crime drama series as offenders and victims with the help of content analysis in her article Does Special Mean Young, White and Female? Deconstructing the Meaning of Special in Law Order: Special Victims Unit. Furthermore, there has been extensive research on representation of ethnic minorities, male and female on Law and Order: Special Victims Unit. However, my research will focus on the female characters such as Olivia Benson (Mariska Hargitay), Amanda Rollins (Kelli Giddish), Assistant District Attorney Alexandra Cabot (Stephanie March) and Assistant District Attorney Casey Novak (Diane Neal) and deconstruct the codes employed to characterize them. 2. Literature Review Theoretical framework will direct my research in a focus manner whilst facilitating a proficient and comprehensive analysis. It will provide a major foundation for my investigation. As representation of women is such a diverse topic, I will focus and limit my research with the help of theoretical framework to achieve an accurate conclusion. 2.1 Representation Of Women On TV In order to build my research, the history of women representation would greatly aid in my investigation. Consequently, DAccis (1994) meticulous exploration of Cagney and Lacey, which aired from 1981 to 1988 and widely recognized as an innovative treatment of working women would provide the perfect groundwork for the investigation. While researching this book, DAcci had unprecedented access to the set, to production meetings, and to the complete production files, including correspondence from network executives, publicity firms, and thousands of viewers. In this book she examines the development of women characters and the representation of feminism on prime-time television. This would provide me thorough knowledge of what goes behind making a drama series with female lead characters and will equip me with the right tools to compare the representation of female characters on Law and Order:SVU. Furthermore, it contains other example from the history of American television which would be beneficial for my research. Brunsdon, Charlotte and Spigels (2007) book Feminist Television Criticism: A Reader provides a detailed examination extending across television, media and screen studies which looks into representation of feminism as historical categories and political identities. This book gives a valuable analysis of women working behind the camera and in-front of the camera as well as female audience and their response to television in their daily lives. I would be able to evaluate the depiction of women on Law Order: SVU in regards to historical and political viewpoint. The representation of females on the television screen has been a subject of much discussion since the television became commercially available in the late 1930s. In 21st Century, even though television produces programs like Pan Am, Charlies angels, The Playboy Club with female lead characters, they are still viewed through a very patriarchal ideology (Ingham, 2007). Dominicks (1979) article The portrayal of women in prime time, 1953-1977 concludes that female characters appearing on prime-time television from 1953-1977 were underrepresented on television and were frequently seen in stereotyped roles. This article will help me setting the groundwork for my research as I can put female characters on Law and Order: SVU side by side with previous characters. Further research (Elasmar, Kazumi and Brain, 2009) showed that women were more likely to be shown playing minor roles and playing characters of housewives and involved in a romantic relationship. I would need to further explore the depth of women representation on television which will allow me to conduct adept research. Gills (2007) work on Gender and Media looks like an interesting book for my research which explores the contradictory character of contemporary gender representations. Gender and the Media is also concerned with the theoretical tools available for analyzing representations. A range of approaches from semiotics to postcolonial theory are discussed, and Gill asks how useful notions such as objectification, backlash, and positive images are for making sense of gender in todays Western media which relates to my current study. Melanie (2011) cross-examines the construction of feminism and femininity in cinema and television from a wide variety of female centric programs such as chick flicks, reality shows and drama. This book will provide me with the understanding of the relationship between feminism, femininity, and visual culture and tools to analyze images of female representation in media. 2.1.1. Narrative Writing The Woman In order to relate characters and peak interest of the audience, formulation of the character through narrative is of uttermost importance. The character and narrative in the text have an emotional connection and resonate with the reader if they identify with the character. Hence, analysis of female representation in Law and Order SVU through their characterization in the narrative would allow me to deconstruct the signs from the text. Furthermore, specific aesthetic and narrative strategies used by the producers to create characters also append to feminism and female representation (Geetha, 2007). Mulveys (1975) groundbreaking article Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema would greatly aid in exploring the relation of narrative structure in construction of female characters in Law and Order: SVU where she unravels the narrative and visual techniques in cinema and puts forward the male cinematic gaze that objectifies the female character, hence, turning her into a spectacle, to-be-loo ked-at-ness (1975, 19). Mulvey (2009) revisits her theory in Visual and Other Pleassure by applying her feminist theory to more contemporary work concerning film spectatorship. She also talks about young modern woman of the 1920s in terms of images and narratives employed in Hollywood and European films which will be relevant to assess portrayal of women in Law and Order: SVU. In regards to narrative and women representation in media, Teresa de Lauretiss (1984) work would facilitate my research in the right direction as she investigates the structural representations of woman in cinema. De Lauretis (1984) disagrees with Mulveys (1975) theory of women representation as being permanently subjective and affirms that it is in a consistent stage of self-progression. De Lauretis believes that narrative structure draws upon the characters aspiration in social and cultural context and reproduces subjectivity. De Lauretis argues that female characters are formulated to incline towards femininity and conventionally portrayed as ideal image perceived by men (1984, 143). De Lauretiss conclusion of womens oppression by employing techniques of cinematic narration would provide a diverse perspective in representation of women in Law and Order: SVU. 2.2 Women Crime Genre The characteristics of gender have been reallocated in modern era in crime dramas where the female and male personalities are synthesized. The transformation also saw the shift of feminine traits of emotions, compassion and bond between traditionally masculine traits of heroism, vigor, and power giving rise to alternative action hero (Feasey 2008, p. 67). In 1970s and 1980s, crime genre progressively began depicting women in significant characters embarking on TV revolution. Snauffers (2006) book called Crime Television would aid in my research tremendously as it would be idyllic to find out the history of crime genre as it was dominated by men (Maureen 1988, p. 2). Since the beginning of television, crime dramas have been a prime genre of TV. According to Snauffer (2006), crime television has proven to be a fascinating reflection of changes and developments in the culture at large. In the 50s and early 60s, the square-jawed, just-the-facts detectives of The Untouchables and The FBI put police work in the best light possible. As the 60s gave way to the 70s, however, the depictions gained more subtle shading, and The Streets of San Francisco, The Rockford Files, and Baretta offered conflicted heroes in more complex worlds. This trend has of course continued in more recent decades, with Steven Bochcos dramas seeking a new realism through frank depictions of language and sexuality on television. In chronicling these developments and illustrating how the genre has reflected our ideas of crime and crime solving through the decades, author Douglas Snauffer here provides essential reading for any fan. This work provides a comprehensive history of detective and police shows on television which will contribute to my research immensely. Turnbull (2013) in her book The Crime Drama: TV Genres provides a historical study of the crime drama series as a genre which presents a number of case studies to clarify major concerns in the course of the genre. This book will facilitat e my argument as it looks at female led crime drama series from around the world such as The Wire and The Killing. Crime dramas generally feature subject matter related to public sphere with male dominance, however, the addition of female characters into crime genre has enabled to pursue a dynamic approach concerning gender bending transgressions, domestic issues and other feminist concerns (Feasey 2008). Nevertheless, women werent always depicted as strong willed and independent on TV. Cavender (1999) examines the depiction of women crime victims by comparing episodes from reality crime program. He analyzed that women talked about their victimization; however, men spoke more often and presented master narratives about the crimes. In both seasons, the program imagery emphasized feminine vulnerability to violence from strange, devious, and brutal men and masculine technical expertise and authority as womens protection from such violence. His analysis would be helpful in further studying the crime genre as well as involvement of women. Humphries (2009) examines women, violence, and media presentati ons through the lens of feminist criminology. This book contains chapters on Gendering Constructions which lays the foundation for the volume and examines media presentation of gendered violence, female killers on Law and Order and women in media. This book will give me tools to analyze the media text meticulously. In crime genre, male protagonist used to focus on solving the crime neglecting the public concerns during the process. Though, attitudes started to change when women were portrayed unconventionally as brave, independent and intelligent characters breaking away from the societal norm resulting in shaping a new feminist archetype (Aisenberg, 1994). In her book Ordinary heroines: Transforming the male myth Aisenberg (1994, p. 240) believes that female representation has progressed into equal active crime-solving characters with slight borrowing from conventional masculine traits such as Dana Scullys (Gillian Anderson) character in The X Files who was a powerful and independent professional woman even though FBI agent roles were profoundly male-dominated. Cuklanz and Moorti (2009) examine a wide variety of text to delve into the representations of gendered violence against women and formulation of gender. They believe that Law and Order SVU featuring lead female characters engage in stereotypical representation of women showcasing violence against them including inherent misogynist communiquà ©. Cavender and Jurik (2012) inspect the optimistic side of representation of women on TV as they analyse Prime Suspect starring Helen Mirren as policewoman Jane Tennison in popular British drama series where her character disrupts the conventions of the traditionally male genre (p.65). They focus on the portrayal of gender and law enforcement in the show featuring modern social tribulations where women play the central character. On one hand, Prime Suspect has become a cult hit for being an exceptionally feminist show in a traditionally male dominated crime genre. On the other hand, it is still not devoid of gender politics where Tennisons char acter shown as a successful woman is pigeonholed into an old lonely and friendless career woman. Cavender and Jurik (2012) work will provide the framework to deconstruct the meanings and connotation in depiction of women in Law and Order: SVU in relations to social norm. There has been a dramatic rise in representation of women detective in modern text whether be film or television which used to be dominated by men (Mizejewski, 2004). Whilst examining Jodie Fosters character Clarice on The Silence Of The Lambs, Mizejewski believes that traditional Hollywood cinema has been unconsciously organized along these lines: men looking and taking action, women being looked at. The conventions of framing, lighting and editing in portrayal of women all play to these dynamics (p. 7). Tasker (2007) believes women representation has progressed tremendously in recent years with transformed and empowered gender egalitarianism; however, there is still substandard issue. Gender is a key constructor and differentiator of character in ensemble workplace dramas (Allen 2007, p 48). The meticulous examination of Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) in Reading CSI by Michael Allen, a popular crime drama including the relationship of characters to their narratives and response of fans would provide great depth and widespread view which I can apply to Law and Order: SVU during my research. 1.3 Female Heroine Gunter (1986) argues that women are represented in a stereotypical manner associating with the characters traits they typically exhibit. In comparison with men, their characters were subjugated by personal relationships and family issues. However, this began to change in the 1970s when women were portrayed in more dynamic roles. Knight (2010) believes that it wouldnt have been possible without Sigourney Weavers character Ellen Ripley in Alien (1979) franchises which has become an avant-garde symbol. Ellen Ripley signified the first final girl archetype, a term coined by Carol J. Clover in the book Men, Women and Chansaw: Gender in the Modern Horror Film (1992), who conquered and triumphed against an evil villain without any help or rescue from a man (p.98). Knight (2010) and Clover (1992) examinations of women representation would aid in decoding the signs in Law and Order:SVU. Anthony (2009) believes that the progression in women portrayal on television and films was because women h ad taken over the market and were able to acquire positions as Producers and Directors. Consequently, women were portrayed in more heroic roles which cancelled out the notion of women as victims, resulting in a positive ideological advance (p. 80). Innesss (2004) Action Chicks is a groundbreaking collection of essays providing a new look at female action icons such as Xena, Buffy, Lara Croft and so on. These essays take a look at how recent depictions of women in action films, TV shows, comic books, and video games reflect a changing acceptance of women in traditionally male heroic or tough-guy roles. This highly specialized and scholarly study is suitable for my research and would enable me to view Law and Order: SVU in different light. In order to analyze the representation of women in Law and Order: SVU, I will construe if the women embody four essential constructing features which are body, attitude, action and authority in a tough hero (Innes, 1998). Brown (1996) has the same belief of women portrayed as action heroes stating, female action heroines body is represented by using same codes as a male hero in regards to object and subject in action films (p. 56). Goodwill (2011) agrees with Browns statement that new female ac tion hero possesses positive masculine characteristic which were preserved for men only, breaking away from orthodox feminine attributes. With the fusion of traits, earlier archetype of the hero has been amended in popular culture containing both masculine and feminine traits which will enable me to interpret female traits presented in Law and Order: SVU. Hill (1999, p 38) states, action heroines are the new type of protagonists in action genre who are smarter and tougher than conventional female heroines and even their male counterparts. This new breed of action heroines contravenes not only cinematic but cultural gender codes of women being submissive and tangential characters and transform traditional cinematic depiction of women. Noble (1999) produces an innovative framework to create new epitome of heroism for women in her book The Sound of a Silver Horn: Reclaiming the Heroism in Contemporary Womens Lives. She puts forward certain qualities that a female hero should possess to transform her and the world such as strong-minded, valiant and a risk-taker. Harriss (2004) groundbreaking work would provide a framework for my research where she looks at intricate representation of girls in recent history. Siehlohrs (2000) anthology investigates generic codes used in gender in regards to national identity in European films. She also exa mines how representations of women are effected by particular national milieu. This provides a baseline to investigate influences of societal factors on representation of women in Law and Order: SVU. Hanson (2007) proposes alternative ways of viewing classic and contemporary Hollywood heroines and the associations of gender with genre. She investigates representation of women as investigator and heroine in the variable context of the film industry which will enable me to apply the same approach to my research. She confers meticulous attention to the production of narrative, actions and perception as well as negotiation of feminine self and desires across the past. Jaceys (2010) book about The Woman in the Story: Writing Memorable Female Characters would be of significant value on this topic. She states that by creating a heroine, the screenwriter has to consider all kinds of differences, from character development to gender issues in the development process. This would allow me dig deeper into the depiction of female characters on Law and Order: SVU such as Olivia Bensons character as a Detective and Alexandra Cabot character as a District Attorney. According to Knight (2010), female action heroes extensively influence individuals in society and also reveal a lot about our society. Her analysis on female action here would help me understand Olivia Bensons character on Law and Order: SVU as she is seen as a role model and a super heroine to a lot of women. Furthermore, I will examine Buffy which was a very popular show with very sharp and provocative commentaries on gender. In Undead TV, media studies scholars tackle the Buffy phenomenon and its many afterlives in popular culture, the television industry, the Internet, and academic criticism (Levine and Parks, 2007). Stuller (2010) illustrates the triumph of female hero in contemporary mythology which has cracked through male dominated environment and divulges into the crucial role of female crime fighters in popular culture. METHODOLOGY: Litosseliti (2002) book on Gender, Identity and Discourse Analysis will provide me with the tools to employ discourse analysis to the media text for my research. I will conduct a discourse analysis on Law and Order: SVU to find out why Olivia Benson is considered a positive role model. Benson has been taken up as a feminist icon by artists and bloggers because shes the type of person who triumphs over adversity, stands up against injustice, and never blinks when shes staring down a bad guy. Furthermore, it will aid me in examining other female characters re-presented as victims and criminals. Research has shown that violence against women is a serious public health and human rights concern (World Health Organization 2000) and that the concurrent presentation of women as sex objects and victims in various forms of media increases acceptance of violence against women (Malamuth, 1996). As television has the widest audience of any medium (Gunter Wober, 1992), it is of uttermost importan ce to have an improved representation of women on television. I will draw primarily upon the discourse analysis of Law and Order: SVU to examine the meanings behind the representations of women as victims to more positive and hopeful depictions. Marion (2008) argues that the contemporary portrayals of women within popular culture are shaped by two major trends: the mainstreaming of pornography and its resultant hypersexualization of women and girls, and the commodification of those images for a global market. Wood (2000) book will provide both the practical steps for doing discourse analysis and the theoretical justifications for those steps. This book shows students how the social world revolves around talk and text. This book will aid in my research a great deal as it presents actual examples, covers data collection methods and strategies for data analysis, and addresses issues of reliability and validity. Tolsons (2006) book Media Talk: Spoken Discourse on TV and Radio investigates distinctive forms of mediated speech on TV and radio through discourse analysis. Media Talk is the first book to provide a comprehensive review of this important work. Lorenzo-Duss (2008) Television Discourse examines the specific forms and structures of talk across media genres. This book will provide me an in-depth knowledge of the discourse analysis on TV as it examines four defining characteristics of the current broadcast landscape: Storytelling, Closeness, Conflict and Persuasion. This would allow me to analyse the characters on Law and Order: SVU and find out if they are portrayed positively or negatively. Even though the women on LO: SVU are tough and strong, there are still some problematic issues in their representation. They are re-presented as victims or offenders in a lot of episodes. For example, Detective Olivia Benson is frequently victimized throughout the show, including her being stalked in Seasons 1 and 3, and more recently she is sexually assaulted while undercover in a prison. Furthermore, there were several suggestions in episodes on how the female detective pays a lot of attention to her appearance. An in-depth research would allow a more precise and comprehensive investigation on the topic. References [You may optionally use Bibliography or Works Cited] Cavender, Gray , 1999. The Construction Of Gender In Reality Crime Tv. Journal Of Broadcasting Electronic Media , Volume 13, Issue 5, 643-663. Dobash, R. E., Dobash, R. (1998). Rethinking Violence Against Women. Thousand Oaks, Calif, Sage Publications. Dominick, Joseph R. , 2004. The Portrayal Of Women In Prime Time, 1953-1977. Sex Roles, Volume 5, Number 4, 405-411. DAcci, Julie, 1994. Defining Women: Television and the Case of Cagney and Lacey. Edition. University of North Carolina Press. DAcci, Julie, Brunsdon, Charlotte and Spigel, Lynn , 2007. Feminist Television Criticism: A Reader. Edition. Open University Press. Douglas M. Snauffer, 2006. Crime Television (The Praeger Television Collection). Edition. Praeger. Elasmar, Michael, Hasegawa, Kazumi and Brain, Mary. 2009. The portrayal of women in U.S. prime time television. Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media , Volume 43, Issue 1 Gill, Rosalind Clair, 2007. Gender and the Media. 1 Edition. Polity. Gunter, Barrie And Wober, Mallory 1992. The Reactive Viewer: Review Of Research On Audience Reaction Measurement (Independent Television Commission Research Monograph.). Edition. University Of Luton Press. Humphries, Drew. 2009. Women, Violence, and the Media: Readings in Feminist Criminology (Northeastern Series on Gender, Crime, and Law). Edition. Northeastern. Ingham, H. (2007, December 18) The Portrayal of Women on Television. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Students/hzi9401.html. [Accessed 18 March 2012]. Inness, Sherrie A. 2004. Action Chicks: New Images of Tough Women in Popular Culture. First Edition Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. Jacey, Helen 2010. The Woman in the Story: Writing Memorable Female Characters. Edition. Michael Wiese Productions. Knight, Gladys L. 2010. Female Action Heroes: A Guide to Women in Comics, Video Games, Film, and Television. Edition. Greenwood Levine, Elana and Parks, Lisa. 2007. Undead TV: Essays on Buffy the Vampire Slayer. 1st Edition. Duke University Press Lorenzo-Dus, Nuria. 2008. Television Discourse: Analysing Language in the Media. 1 Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. Litosseliti, Lia 2002. Gender Identity and Discourse Analysis (Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society, and Culture, 2). Edition. John Benjamins Pub Co. Magoulick, Mary, 2006. Frustrating Female Heroism: Mixed Messages In Xena, Nikita, And Buffy. The Journal Of Popular Culture, Vol. 39, No. 5, 734. Malamuth, N. (1996). Sexually Explicit Media, Gender Differences And Evolutionary Theory. Journal Of Communication, 46 (3), 8-31. Meyers, Marian 2008. Women In Popular Culture: Representation And Meaning (Political Communication). Edition. Hampton Pr. Tolson, Andrew. 2006. Media Talk: Spoken Discourse on TV and Radio. Edition. Edinburgh University Press. Wood, Linda A. 2000. Doing Discourse Analysis: Methods for Studying Action in Talk and Text. 1 Edition. Sage Publications, Inc Britto, Sarah, 2007. Does Special Mean Young, White and Female? Deconstructing the Meaning of Special in Law Order: Special Victims Unit. Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture, 14 (1), 40. Val Singh, Susan Vinnicombe, Kim James, (2006) Constructing a professional identity: how young female managers use role models, Women In Management Review, Vol. 21 Iss: 1, pp.67 81 Brunsdon, Charlotte and Spigel, Lynn 2007. Feminist Television Criticism. 2 Edition. Open University Press. Green, Susan 2009. Law Order: Special Victims Unit: The Unofficial Companion. Edition. BenBella Books. Pp. 90 Emmy. 2006. Mariska Hargitay. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.emmys.com/celebrities/mariska-hargitay. [Accessed 10 March 13]. Melanie, Dr Waters, 2011. Women on Screen: Feminism and Femininity in Visual Culture. Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. Janet McCabe, 2005. Feminist Film Studies: Writing the Woman into Cinema (Short Cuts). Edition. Wallflower Press. Laura Mulvey, 2009. Visual and Other Pleasures (Language, Discourse, Society). 2nd Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. Barthes, Roland. S/Z: An Essay. Trans. Richard Miller. New York: Hill and Wang, 1974. Ramanathan, Geetha 2007. Feminist Auteurs: Reading Womens Films. Edition. Wallflower Press. Mulvey, Laura, Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema (1975),Visual And Other Pleasures. London: Macmillan, 1989: 14-26. Laura Mulvey, 2009. Visual and Other Pleasures (Language, Discourse, Society). 2nd Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. Lauretis, Teresa de (1984) Alice Doesnt. Feminism. Semiotics. Cinema. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, Sue Turnbull, 2013. The Crime Drama (TV Genres). Edition. Edinburgh University Press. Allen, Michael 2007. Reading CSI: Crime TV Under the Microscope (Reading Contemporary Television). Edition. I. B. Tauris. Reddy, Maureen (1988). Sisters In Crime: Feminism and Crime Novel. New York: Continumm. pp Linda Mizejewski, 2004. Hardboiled and High Heeled: The Woman Detective in Popular Culture. 1St Edition Edition. Routledge. Cavender, G., Jurik, N. (2007). Scene Composition

You Don’t Know What You Have Til It’s Gone

You Never Know What you Had ‘Til It's Gone To Kill A Mockingbird Is one of those stones that gives a deeper meaning to the simplest things. As it is in the title, obviously mockingbirds are important to this story. The first that these mockingbirds seen are when Scout and Jem got their ar rifles. Atticus, not wanting to teach them how to shoot, gave them a rule he wanted them to follow. â€Å"‘I'd rather you shot at tin cans in the backyard, but know you'll go after birds. Shoot all the blue]ays you want, if you can hit 'em, but remember its a sin to kill a mockingbird. That was the only time I ever heard Atticus say it was a sin to o something. and asked Miss Maudie about It. ‘Your fathers right,' she said ‘Mockingbirds don't do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They dont eat up people's gardens, don't nest In corncribs, they don't do one thing but sing their hearts out tor us. Thats why its a sin to kill a mockingbird. ‘†(90) In To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, we are shown important lessons that even now we can use. The story tells us that mockingbirds are harmless, innocent creatures, and killing them is wrong, because they don't hurt anyone, nor do they want to.The symbols of the mockingird used in the story are generally important in he town of Maycomb. If one of them were taken away the whole town of Maycomb would be worse off because of It. Tom Robinson Is one of those people that we need these days. He would help others no matter what small thing It was, It might have not even mattered who It was, and wouldn't take or ask tor anything in return. He just knew how to be thoughtful like it was a second nature to him. In the story, Tom was first introduce as the man who was to be defended by Atticus, because it was claimed the he raped Miss Mayella Ewell.During his case he had two acclaims against him, Mayella Ewell and er Father 30b Ewell, but it was clear that Tom was innocent with every word he said In c ourt. When it was said that Tom was killed it pulls at anyones heart strings, even to the citizens In Maycomb. Even Mr. underwood, though without being exact, gave the message of the mockingbird In the editorial after Tom's death. â€Å"Mr. underwood didn't talk about mlscarrages of Justice, he was writing so children could understand Mr Underwood simply figured it was a sin to kill cripples, be they standing, sitting or escaping.He likened Tom's death to the senseless slaughter of songbirds by hunters nd children, and Maycomb thought he was trying to write an editorial poetical enough to be reprinted in the Montgomery Advertiser. â€Å"(241) He tries to get through to everyone In Maycomb to understand that Tom and the mocking bird are one in the same, because of him being a cripple. The senselessness of his death, as It seems, is the key: killing Tom didn't make things good nor did It prevent something bad, Just like shooting a mockingbird. The price of this mockingbird may have been Bob Ewells life, for trying to kill him offfor Mayella's mistake, tempting a negro.The next time a mockingbird turned up in the book is with the assultot Jem and Scout in the end of the book. Scout shows how she understand how they shouldn't drag Boo, Arthur Radley, into court. â€Å"Atticus looked like he needed cheering up. I ran reassured him. ‘Mr. Tate was right. ‘ Atticus disengaged himself and looked at me. ‘What do you mean? ‘ ‘Well, it'd be sort of like shootin' a mockingbird, wouldn't it? ‘† (276) All that Boo did was watch the neighbourhood, gave trinkets to Scout and Jem in the knot of a tree, and protected them when they were attacked.Harming someone who never ment to harm anyone and tries to help is like killing a mockingbird, and arresting Boo would serve no real purpose. Though the next example is not the typical idea for the mockingbird symbolisum he still gives the same message as his character further developes in the story. Atticus Finch is on of those people who has a great influence on others because of his wisdom and kindness. â€Å"Judge Taylor was saying something. His gavel was in his fist, but he wasn't using it. Dimly, I saw Atticus pushing papers from the table into his briefcase. He snapped it shut, went to the court reporter and said something, nodded to Mr.

Japan & higher education Essay

Many parents in Japan firmly believe that higher education will ensure better positions, higher incomes, and superior life-styles for their children. Some even go into debt, spending over 60 million yen ($480,000, U. S. ) to put a child through the best private schools and universities. Do they reap the expected dividends? â€Å"In reality . . . the belief no longer holds true,† says the Mainichi Daily News. â€Å"There are not enough privileged positions to accept them,† and many have had to accept corporate positions formerly filled by high school graduates. While average lifetime earnings were higher for university graduates—206. 55 million yen ($1,650,000, U. S. ) as opposed to 192. 93 million yen ($1,540,000, U. S. ) for high school graduate office workers—â€Å"Japanese parents may realize some day that the gaps are too small to merit a serious burden on their household economy,† says the paper. Most of the parents around the world, or even mature individuals at that see education as a stepping stone towards a better future for all. Moreover, attaining a higher level of learning is believed to ensure the said individuals of better lives in the future as they are given the exact challenges that they are to face in the actual market that they are to serve after they have attended their scholastic appointments. This is the reason why the objectives of higher education is further focused in the way that the curriculum of the education actually pursues the concerns and the entities of the national progress of the countries around the world. It is through this that the systems of higher education in terms of aiding the society with the knowledge that they are due of receiving from the institutions. To prove this fact the following statements have been made by the â€Å"article on the changes on tertiary education†: â€Å"General objectives of higher education are sustainable national development optimizing and the production of new knowledge. † (http://www. see-educoop. net/education_in/pdf/bela_knjiga-09-cro-enl-t02. pdf) From this particular statement, it is noticeably obvious that the aims of higher education are focused on implying a much better possibility for national progress. This is also the primary reason why the enhancement of the process is strongly initiated through its integration within the systems of technological advancements such as synchronous learning and other online based learning systems as per offered to several adult learners who have lesser time that could be spent on going to school and taking up formal physical classes. The said innovative design of education actually makes it possible for a huge number of higher education learners to grasp their lessons through online classes that are held virtually through the internet connections that the institutions have towards their students. How is this process primarily applied? Virtual schools as well as virtual training programs work in a way that a person or a student in that matter who is a member of a virtual; program is given his or her own security number, which serves as a security access to the virtual class. Then, the virtual lessons could already be presented to that member in a virtual class setting. The instruction in such classes usually occurs between a panel or a group of instructors interacting with at a maximum number of 200 students around the globe simultaneously. (Robins, 2003, p 6) The students are aided with the knowledge they need to understand their lessons better with the use of online libraries, electronic sources and both visual and audio materials used for better explanation of the subject matter being tackled (Robins, 2003, p 8). â€Å"Virtual learning started in the year 1996, when Virtual High School had been first established in Canada. The said virtual school offered two complete courses on Biology and Canadian literature. The said school grew into becoming groups of interconnected classes and became among the pioneer providers of virtual education† (Carchidi, 2001, p 21). The challenge of offering online courses and assisting students online proved to be a challenge for these pioneers but they strived and thus were able to survive up until the present time. Today they are known to have been hosting at least a thousand students from all over the globe and assisting these people attain their goals of both gaining more knowledge and finishing a degree at their own convenience (Preston, 2004, p 22). Virtual learning is closely related to the systems used by home schooling only that this time instructors are able to completely communicate with their students through the Internet. Not to mention the high tech presentation of information through the integration of technological presentations along with the presentation of the subject matter, and the convenience brought about by the internet connection to the students and the easier understanding brought about by the innovations in this form of education really brings major changes in the modern learning process. Today, this form of learning had also been integrated in public schools in the United States. This had been designed to assist especially students who have a hard time learning their subjects through simple classroom presentations. In this case, a student is asked to sit in front of the computer and be connected to an instructor through the Internet and is thus assisted using media presentations. Other high-tech materials used for the said educational system are Adobe products and articles, Jasc Products, as well as Macromedia. (Preston, 2004, p 24) Aside from this, other institutions also include Corel Products as a cheaper version of the ones mentioned earlier. In this way, learning becomes easier, not to mention that the student could access these institutional provisions completely free of charge. When it comes to the pricing and location of the virtual classes, at times these classes are free or if not, the parents or the students at that needs to pay a minimal amount of money to obtain certain services. Grading and student evaluation processes are still done by the instructors with the help of electronic systems within the computer programs. In this way, the students are given assistance in the areas of learning they specially need help with. Yes, in this way, education is provided with the highest level of effectiveness. Along with this, seeing that online learning had been exceptionally effective for students, several business companies began to see the benefits of the said learning program (Rothwell, 2006, p 2). In this regard, several companies around the globe opted to avail the benefits of online training, having been able to learn through the Internet without spending so much for the venue, the materials and other food expenses compared to that of traditional training methods. Surely, business companies mostly benefit from this way of training. Indeed, although virtual training gives the most beneficial way of learning for both the companies and the employees as well, it could not be denied that these changes taken by business organizations post several challenges for the company itself. In this regard, it is not only the employees who need to be trained but the administrators as well. This issue then opens the questions regarding the challenges given by adult learning difficulties as well as usage of technology for learning shall be a matter of concern for the organization. The main challenges of online learning programs is the fact that training people using technology requires a lot of skills on the part of the facilitators and the instructors. In this regard, several writers placed some patterns, which new facilitators could use to be able to come up with effective and efficient learning programs provided through the Internet.

Free Essays on Cuban Missile

The Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 was one of the turning points of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. At that time the two superpowers came close to war, possibly with nuclear weapons; after it, both countries began to seek ways to adjust to each other, in particular, to prevent the use of nuclear weapons. The events of the Cuban Missile Crisis demonstrated the maturity of the U.S. intelligence community, especially in its ability to collect and analyze information. The crucial roles of human intelligence (HUMINT) and photographic intelligence (PHOTINT) in the Cuban Missile Crisis have been known from the beginning. Documents declassified and released in 1998 now reveal that signals intelligence (SIGINT) also played an exceedingly important part in managing the crisis. It should be said at the outset that signals intelligence did not provide any direct information about the Soviet introduction of offensive ballistic missiles into Cuba. However, in the more than two years before that fact was known, SIGINT analysts thoroughly studied the Cuban military buildup. Once the offensive missiles were discovered, SIGINT provided direct support for day-to-day management of the crisis. This is the story of SIGINT in the Cuban Missile Crisis. When Fidel Castro took power in Cuba by overthrowing the previous dictator, Fulgencio Batista, he was hailed as a liberator by the Cuban people themselves and became a hero to the American people as well. However, Castro soon took actions inimical to American interests and aligned his country publicly with the Soviet Union. The U.S. public and government were gravely concerned about the creation of a communist state and member of the Soviet Bloc only seventy miles from its southern shores; this problem became a major focus of the new Kennedy administration when it took office in January 1961. In response to the potential threat and the administration's interest in it, t... Free Essays on Cuban Missile Free Essays on Cuban Missile The Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 was one of the turning points of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. At that time the two superpowers came close to war, possibly with nuclear weapons; after it, both countries began to seek ways to adjust to each other, in particular, to prevent the use of nuclear weapons. The events of the Cuban Missile Crisis demonstrated the maturity of the U.S. intelligence community, especially in its ability to collect and analyze information. The crucial roles of human intelligence (HUMINT) and photographic intelligence (PHOTINT) in the Cuban Missile Crisis have been known from the beginning. Documents declassified and released in 1998 now reveal that signals intelligence (SIGINT) also played an exceedingly important part in managing the crisis. It should be said at the outset that signals intelligence did not provide any direct information about the Soviet introduction of offensive ballistic missiles into Cuba. However, in the more than two years before that fact was known, SIGINT analysts thoroughly studied the Cuban military buildup. Once the offensive missiles were discovered, SIGINT provided direct support for day-to-day management of the crisis. This is the story of SIGINT in the Cuban Missile Crisis. When Fidel Castro took power in Cuba by overthrowing the previous dictator, Fulgencio Batista, he was hailed as a liberator by the Cuban people themselves and became a hero to the American people as well. However, Castro soon took actions inimical to American interests and aligned his country publicly with the Soviet Union. The U.S. public and government were gravely concerned about the creation of a communist state and member of the Soviet Bloc only seventy miles from its southern shores; this problem became a major focus of the new Kennedy administration when it took office in January 1961. In response to the potential threat and the administration's interest in it, t...

Hard High School How It Affects Your College Chances

Hard High School How It Affects Your College Chances SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Attending a tough high school can certainly affect some of your performance statistics. It's natural to wonder whether these shifts in your numbers are going to affect your chances of college admission. In this article, we cover what colleges are really concerned with when they look at your record, and we explain why you don't need to be worried if your high school is especially hard. What Is a "Hard" High School? There are a few reasons a high school might be considered "hard." Usually, it's because the school iscompetitive within the student body; there are a lot of students taking the really tough classes and doing well in them. Grading policy is also a consideration.Hard schools are slow to give out A's, whereas others practically chuck them at any student in sight. Size can also impact how hard a high school appears to be. At a large and competitive school, it's hard to get a top class rank- you're competing against a lot of other people. At a small and competitive school, it's hard to get a good percentile ranking because a slight difference in rank can translate to a relatively large percentile discrepancy. A hard high school is one where students who would otherwise get top grades and top ranking have a hard time doing so, either because the grading is so tough or because their peers are so competitive. What Colleges Look At Many students worrythat the relatively lackluster grades or ranking they achieve at a hard school may seem unimpressive to colleges. Basically, they're afraid they won't look smart. They think they won't be able to get into their desired college(s) because they didn't a perfect GPA and graduate as valedictorian. As it turns out, colleges, especially the more selective ones, do their best to view youwithin the context of yourhigh school environment. When colleges receive your transcript, they also receive a brief "school profile"whichsummarizes the school in terms of courses offered, the grading scale, average grades and tests scores, and the class size. Admissions officers will see that your school has tough grading policies and that an imperfect GPA doesn't imply a lack of understanding in your courses. Colleges are looking to see whether you sought out the most rigorous courses available to you and whether you excelled in them. Also, remembercolleges are looking for the whole package. Grades are a huge part of it, but they're also looking at test scores, extracurriculars, letters of recommendation, and personal statements. Colleges won't assign (or dock) you points based on how difficult your high school is- they'll do their best to be fair to students from all backgrounds. There areplenty of factors to weigh when it comes to college admissions. Ways to Boost Your Application You're essentially trying to stand out by means of some skill or accomplishment. Commitment to extracurricular endeavors is a great place to start. Quality trumps quantity here; it's better to be deeply involved in a few select activities than barely involved in a whole bunch. Stellar application essaysalso score major points. Spend serious time on your personalstatement, and get help revising and editing it. Make sure it has a balance of the personal and professional- this isn't a scholarly essay for an academic journal, but it's not a diary entry, either. Awesome letters of recommendation make a great impression. Choose your recommendation writerscarefully. It's alright to remind them of your accomplishments- describe the points you'd definitely like them to include. Impeccable test scores catch the eye. Standardized tests are a convenient place to shine. Invest your time and energy in preparing for the SAT and/or ACT ahead of time. The Final Word You don't need to worry about a college looking down on you because of your hard high school. The most selective colleges spend extra time looking at the context of your numbers, and the less selective schools are, well, less selective. The best you can do is perform your best at the high school you attend. Take the hardest classes you can actually manage, and don't worry overmuch about how the resulting grades will look. If it so happens that you don't get into the college you'd hoped for, remember there are multiple reasons why things may not have lined up; it's almost certainly not a matter of the hard high school you attended, but just the fallout of an extremely- and often unjustly- selective system. What's Next? Are you getting started on the college application process? Pay attention to the important deadlines listed in our article on that topic. If you're wondering what kind of application you ought to submit, read what our experts have to say about that very issue. Also check out this inspirational guideto how one student was successfully admitted to Harvard. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Marketing Strategy Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Strategy Proposal - Essay Example Mostly strength and weaknesses involves the evaluation of factors related to internal business capabilities, Opportunities and threats keenly deal with the external factors that somehow affect the business. Companies always design a strength assessment to measure their competencies.Here, a business thoroughly evaluate its marketing and promotion objectives for it strength based on its internal capabilities (Lussier, 2012). To optimize the development occurring in the beverage market, Starbuck has failed to perfectly match its strength to the existing opportunities. With its reputation of producing high quality products, which attract potential customers daily, the company has to effectively assign resources to exploit this business. Starbucks need to develop efficient strategies that inform its potential client of its reputation for quality and its close proximity.Secondly, Starbucks should ensure it gives its best sales representative the responsibility to sign up new businesses it has created with its new customers. The company should intensively research on its new prospective customer’s preference (Levy & Weitz, 2007). This will help it appear as if there is a natural match with the new customers thus increasing their loyalty to the company’s product. ... In a SWOT analysis, companies always assesses their internal weaknesses to identify what they are not able to do based on their existing abilities.Starbuck, in many countries has been facing market penetration challenges. This has solely been blamed on weaknesses of its sales approach. The company need to address this identified weakness by fixing or completely eliminating it. Though it can’t completely eliminate its sales approach, the company can opt to train its sales personnel and allocate them some extra tools (Kotler & Lee, 2005). Secondly, to overcome this marketing problem, Starbucks need to invest in customer relationship management softwares, and then ensure it avails them to its sales personnel. This will encourage the sales people to use the vital available customer information for their sales call. The company should also consider offering training to its sales personnel on the use of CRM applications as this will help them strengthen their sales approach. Many of coffee lovers customers are with time becoming more environmental conscious with their purchasing habits (Ottman, 2011). This is a great opportunity for Starbucks to come up with a comprehensive promotional plan to markets the green initiatives of this company. With such a marketing initiatives Starbucks will perfectly find a favorable placement in the market. Starbucks faces a great market threat from its competitors. To address this threat from SWOT analysis, the company can opt to strengthen itself to meet these prevailing threats (Kotler & Lee, 2005). With its much resource focused to controlling its home market, Starbucks will be stretched to meet the low cost competition from its oversea markets. So, to

American Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American Government - Essay Example It is better - much better. To start, America is now a place where people can tastefully joke about race. Since many democrats believe that former president Bill Clinton was good for the economy, and a proponent for initiatives that positively impacted lower classes, which of course includes many African-American families, it is joked that he is the first black president. According to DeWayne Wickham's "Clinton, Africa, and True Colors," which was published in USA Today, author Toni Morrison coined the phrase. Wickham doesn't think that Mr. Clinton can be called the first black president, but agrees he is "almost certainly the next best thing" (para. 1). It's not that Morrison's comment did not offend some. It did. The truth is, though, that many African Americans embrace the term, and even laugh about it. It is probably one of the reasons that Mrs. Clinton has some of the momentum she has - people long for the thriving economic times generated by the last Clinton in office. It is impressive, though, that a wh ite president can be looked upon as favorably by black people as Mr. Clinton was, and it is even more impressive that the average African American is not offended by his being called black. Obama has even joined in the jibing. In an Economist article, "Primary Colour," Obama was asked how he feels about the former white president being called black. ... Referring to Clinton a potential brother, a term of endearment from one black man to another, is also funny. There was a time when a black man would have died for merely suggesting that a white man was kin to a black man. Now, it is no more than a punch line. That's progress. With all the fight for equality that women, too, have suffered, it would seem that most women would jump at the chance to elect a female president. That isn't always the case. It says a lot about the country that women, even white women, are supporting Barack Obama. In "Black Women Talk Barack," Amy Alexander writes that the "archetypal 'black woman voter' does not exist" (10). Alexander explains that white women of the baby boomer generation are enthusiastic about Obama. Black women, who are often seen as conflicted about whether to vote their race or gender, may also be leaning more heavily toward Obama. Alexander writes that this phenomenon is even easier to explain. "The mothers of black boys are going to vote for Obama" (10). The truth is, Obama offers hope to African Americans everywhere. Alexander is correct. He is what every mother, whites and blacks, though, wants her son to be. Obama is smart, educated, articulate, and promising to look out for the every day American. With all of the struggles and discrimination that black people have faced, and still do, he is more than just a possible black president. He is a beacon of understanding. Clinton might speak of understanding the plight of black people, or the lower class, but Obama is black people. One of his own family members, according to a television interview, was among the class of people who die from illness, or old age, and can't